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History of Lead Crystal
in the UK
Like many cultural advances the history of glass and
crystal began with the Roman occupation of Britain and
eventually reached a high point in the stained glass windows of
the middle ages. In the 1500s new skills were added when highly
skilled glassblowers moved to London from Venice and attracted
royal patronage from Queen Elizabeth I.
In the mid 1700s George Ravenscroft started his own glass
business in London and patented the formula for producing lead
crystal. He found that adding lead to glass during the melting
process improved the quality. During this period the art of
creating patterns by cutting became established and lead crystal
was a perfect medium for the art. Many businesses perfected the
process and lead crystal and glass became popular creating an
established industry. However in the time honored process of all
governments they recognised an opportunity for raising taxes and
stunted growth and created many closures in the lead crystal sector.
English manufacturers moves
their factories to Ireland to avoid taxation and during the
period Ireland became the center of lead crystal manufacture,
especially in Waterford, where the famous Waterford glass
factory was developed in the 18th century. Unfortunately the
Irish tax authorities saw an opportunity to raise taxes and
forced many of the companies out of business. Waterfords for
example did not start trading again until after World War 2. In
the meantime during the 19th century other companies in France,
Sweden, Italy (Venice), and Sweden were establishing their
reputations and creating famous brands such as Orrefors,
Baccarat and Swarovski.
Adagio by Montbronn of France
Most fine crystal contains lead oxide. 24% is the optimum
percentage for color, weight and hardness, while still ensuring
clarity, sparkle and brilliance. 24% Lead Crystal, with its
exceptionally high perceived value, has been sought after and
treasured for generations, and remains a status symbol even
today
Adagio Cased Crystal by
Montbronn of France |
is secured by